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Shadow IT · SaaS · Cloud · AI · BYOD · OAuth

You can't secure
what you can't see.
We make it visible.

A full discovery and governance assessment of the tech your employees use without IT's knowledge — unsanctioned SaaS, rogue cloud accounts, forgotten assets, personal devices, and the fastest-growing shadow category of all: generative AI. We surface every instance, classify the risk, and hand you a governance plan that people actually follow.

800+
Avg SaaS Apps per Org
2.3×
More Than IT Thinks
AI-Aware
ChatGPT / Claude / Copilot
insec@discover ~ shadow-it --org=client
◉ Live Discovery · Sample Output
AIChatGPT · 47 usersCRIT
AIClaude.ai · 12 usersHIGH
FILEPersonal Gmail · 89 usersCRIT
FILEWeTransfer · 23 usersHIGH
SAASNotion (personal) · 34 usersHIGH
SAASCalendly · 18 usersMED
DEVngrok tunnels · 4 activeCRIT
DEVPublic GitHub orgs · 7HIGH
SAASZapier · 12 flowsMED
SAASAirtable · 28 basesMED
▸ 312 apps · 47 critical · scanning… risk engine v3
52%
of enterprise SaaS spend is shadow (Gartner)
80%
of employees use unsanctioned apps
11%
of data shared with AI tools is sensitive
$4.9M
avg cost when breach involves shadow IT
// What We Discover

Every flavor of shadow. Every source of risk.

Shadow IT isn't just a rogue SaaS subscription. It's a whole spectrum — from AI chatbots to forgotten AWS accounts to the browser extension your sales team installed last Tuesday.

Shadow AI

The fastest-growing and riskiest category. Employees pasting customer lists into ChatGPT, building GPTs with proprietary data, running local LLMs.

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiCopilotLocal LLMsCustom GPTs

Shadow SaaS

Unsanctioned collaboration, productivity, project-tracking, and communication tools. Signed up with work email, paid on personal cards.

NotionSlackAsanaAirtableZapierCalendly

Shadow Cloud

Rogue AWS / Azure / GCP accounts, personal developer sandboxes, forgotten environments still holding production data.

Rogue AWSPersonal GCPEOL envsShadow S3Serverless

Shadow Data

Corporate data in personal Dropbox / Drive / Gmail / WeTransfer. PII in personal Notion workspaces. Customer exports on local drives.

Personal DriveDropboxWeTransferGmailUSB

Shadow Devices

BYOD laptops, personal phones, home routers, USB drives, smart speakers — endpoints connected without MDM visibility.

BYODPersonal phonesUSBHome Wi-FiIoT

Shadow Dev & OAuth

Unsanctioned GitHub orgs, personal API keys, ngrok tunnels, browser extensions, third-party OAuth grants to corporate Google/MS accounts.

GitHub orgsAPI keysngrokExtensionsOAuth apps
// The 9-Step Framework

Discover. Classify. Govern.

A repeatable program — not a one-time spreadsheet. We establish the baseline, then leave you with an ongoing governance capability.

01 · SCOPE

Scoping & Baseline

Sanctioned-app list, sensitive-data taxonomy, risk appetite, stakeholders, privacy ground-rules.

02 · COLLECT

Multi-Source Collection

Proxy/DNS/firewall logs, SSO/IDP events, CASB feeds, endpoint telemetry, expense data, OAuth grants.

03 · NET

Network Discovery

DNS egress, SNI fingerprinting, SaaS app signatures, high-risk destinations, AI-endpoint detection.

04 · ENDPOINT

Endpoint & Browser

Installed apps, Chrome/Edge extensions, local LLMs, dev tooling, unauthorized tunnels & VPNs.

05 · IDENTITY

Identity & OAuth Audit

Third-party OAuth grants on Google / Microsoft 365 / Okta. SSO app inventory, risky-scope grants.

06 · CLOUD

Rogue Cloud Sweep

Billing recon, DNS sweep for forgotten envs, cross-account scan, personal-card SaaS in expense reports.

07 · EXTERNAL

External Surface

Public repos with corp email, leaked keys, SaaS-trial registrations, domain-typo takeovers.

08 · CLASSIFY

Risk Classification

Score each finding by data sensitivity, regulatory exposure, vendor trust, and user population.

09 · GOVERN

Report & Govern

Inventory, risk ranking, sanctioning pathway, removal plan, and an ongoing governance playbook.

// Where We Look

Twelve data sources. One unified inventory.

No single signal catches everything. We correlate across network, identity, endpoint, finance, and external sources to find what any one of them would miss.

DNS / Proxy / Firewall

egress patterns · SNI · app signatures

SSO / IDP Logs

Okta · Entra ID · Google · Ping · Auth0

CASB / SSE

Netskope · Zscaler · MDefender · DLP

Endpoint (EDR / MDM)

Installed apps · processes · tunnels · local LLMs

Browser Telemetry

Extensions · OAuth grants · sideloaded

Email / Calendar

Sign-up confirmations · invites · calendar bots

Finance / Expense

SaaS subs on personal cards · cloud bills

OAuth Grants

Google Workspace · M365 · GitHub · Slack apps

Cloud Billing

AWS Orgs · Azure MCA · GCP hierarchy anomaly

Public Code / Docs

GitHub · pastebin · Google Docs public

External Recon

DNS history · cert transparency · ASN

Human Intel

Anonymous surveys · amnesty mechanism

// Spotlight · Shadow AI

The fastest-moving risk on the list.

GenAI adoption outpaced governance by 18 months. Our assessment treats AI as a first-class category — because a customer contract pasted into a public chatbot is a different problem than a Zoom alternative.

Why Shadow AI Needs Its Own Lens

Traditional SaaS governance assumes a vendor of record, a contract, and predictable data flows. GenAI breaks all three — any employee can hit an API, paste sensitive data, or spin up a local model in minutes.

  • PII, PHI, and trade secrets pasted into public models (often used for training)
  • "Custom GPT" and agent builders shared outside the org
  • Locally-run LLMs (Ollama, LM Studio) on unmanaged laptops
  • AI-powered browser extensions scraping and uploading page content
  • API keys in code leaking through AI coding assistants
  • Employee-built "AI automations" with access to inboxes, drives, calendars
ChatGPTplus / teams / free
Claudeclaude.ai / API
Geminigemini / AI Studio
Copilotpersonal vs M365
Perplexitypro / spaces
Grokx / standalone
Mistral / Le Chatfree / pro
DeepSeekchat / API
Cursor / WindsurfAI coding IDEs
GitHub Copilotpersonal accounts
Ollama / LM Studiolocal LLMs
HuggingFacespaces · models
// Risk Framework

Not all shadow is equal.

We classify each finding on a four-tier matrix so you can separate urgent removals from low-priority sanctioning conversations.

CRITICAL

Block & Remediate

Active data loss or regulatory violation. These get treated like a security incident — containment first, governance after.

  • Regulated data (PII/PHI/PCI) in public AI or personal cloud
  • Valid API keys leaked in public code
  • Corporate OAuth grants to known-malicious apps
  • Forgotten prod data in rogue cloud accounts
HIGH

Urgent Sanctioning or Removal

Material business risk, but no confirmed loss. Typical path: sanction officially with controls, migrate data, or deprovision.

  • Unsanctioned SaaS holding customer data
  • Personal file-share usage by executives
  • Developer-workflow tools with broad OAuth scope
  • BYOD with access to crown-jewel systems
MEDIUM

Review & Govern

Legitimate business utility, minor compliance friction. Decide: onboard to procurement, consolidate with sanctioned alternatives, or accept-risk.

  • Productivity tools duplicating existing stack
  • Low-sensitivity automation & no-code
  • Marketing SaaS paid by cost center
  • Browser extensions with moderate permissions
LOW

Document & Monitor

Minimal risk, occasional use. We record them for visibility and watch for usage growth that would push them into a higher tier.

  • Read-only reference sites & calculators
  • Occasional 1-2 user trials
  • Public-data productivity utilities
  • Deprecated but still-visible services
// Aligned Frameworks

Controls your auditors already check.

Our deliverables map directly to the controls listed below — so the assessment doubles as evidence for your next audit cycle.

NIST CSF 2.0

Identify function · Asset Management (ID.AM) and Risk Assessment (ID.RA).

ISO/IEC 27001:2022

A.5.9 inventory · A.5.23 cloud services · A.8.9 config mgmt.

CIS Controls v8

Control 1 · Inventory of Enterprise Assets and Software.

NIST AI RMF

Shadow AI alignment to GOVERN · MAP · MEASURE · MANAGE.

SOC 2 Trust Services

CC6.1 access · CC7.1 monitoring · CC9.2 vendor mgmt.

GDPR / DPDP

Records of processing · data-transfer mapping for unsanctioned processors.

HIPAA

§164.308(a)(1) risk analysis · BAA coverage for unsanctioned tools.

RBI Cyber Framework

IT outsourcing & asset-inventory requirements for regulated entities.

// What You Get

Visibility that becomes governance.

Unified Inventory

Every discovered app, cloud account, OAuth grant, and extension — with users, first-seen, data sensitivity, and risk tier.

Risk-Ranked Remediation

Prioritized plan: block, sanction, consolidate, or accept — with SLAs, owners, and estimated effort per item.

Governance Playbook

Sanctioning workflow, procurement gates, AI-usage policy, amnesty process, and ongoing discovery cadence.

Audit-Ready Evidence

ISO 27001 / SOC 2 / DPDP control coverage for asset inventory and third-party management. Evidence pack on request.

AI-First Assessment

Dedicated Shadow AI workstream — discovery, data-class taxonomy, usage policy, and vendor-evaluation rubric.

Privacy-Respecting Method

Aggregate analytics where possible, named findings only for high-risk items. Employee amnesty mechanism — surface don't shame.

// Engagement Timeline

Baseline in 3 weeks. Program in 6.

WEEK 0

Scoping & NDA

Sanctioned-app baseline, data taxonomy, data-source access, privacy ground-rules, stakeholders.

WEEK 1

Collection Pipelines

Log ingestion, SSO & CASB export, endpoint & browser telemetry, OAuth & billing pulls.

WEEK 2

Discovery & Correlation

Cross-source matching, deduplication, user-attribution, data-sensitivity tagging.

WEEK 3

Classification & Report

Risk scoring, executive narrative, technical inventory, AI-specific workstream output.

WEEK 4-5

Governance Design

Sanctioning workflow, AI-usage policy, procurement gates, amnesty process, OKRs.

WEEK 6+

Ongoing Discovery

Optional quarterly re-baseline, watchlist monitoring, AI-specific governance council support.

// FAQ

What leaders ask before we start.

Isn't shadow IT just an inventory problem?
It's the governance problem inventories point to. Employees adopt shadow tools because sanctioned options are slow or missing. A discovery list alone doesn't fix that — you need a sanctioning pathway and a sensible AI-usage policy alongside it. We deliver both, not just the spreadsheet.
Will this spy on employees?
No. We aggregate usage data from existing enterprise sources (proxy, SSO, endpoint) — not net-new keystroke monitoring. Individual attribution is reserved for high-risk findings (e.g. PII in public AI). We strongly recommend an anonymous amnesty window so employees can self-declare without fear.
Do you need to install agents or a CASB?
We prefer to use what you already have (EDR, CASB, SSE, DNS, proxy). Where signals are missing, we'll deploy short-term collectors (agentless when possible) scoped to the engagement. Everything is removed at engagement end unless you want to keep it.
How do you handle Shadow AI specifically?
Dedicated workstream. We detect cloud AI endpoints, browser-based AI usage, locally-run LLMs, AI coding assistants, and AI-enabled browser extensions. We deliver a data-class × AI-tool matrix, a usage policy template, and a sanctioning rubric (what gets blocked, what gets enterprise licensed).
What if we discover something sensitive has already leaked?
We have an incident-response-ready mode. High-severity findings (credentials in public code, regulated data in third-party AI training sets) are flagged live, not left for the final report. We'll help contain, notify, and document — your usual IR team leads, we support.
How much does it cost?
Scope-driven. SMB one-time baseline (under 500 employees) typically ₹4L–₹10L. Enterprise engagements (with Shadow AI program design and quarterly re-baseline) from ₹15L. Fixed quote post-scoping call.
Does this replace our CASB / SSE?
No — it complements them. CASB/SSE are continuous enforcement; we're point-in-time discovery, classification, and governance design. In fact, we often help clients tune their CASB policies based on what the assessment reveals.
// Get Started

Find out what's running without IT knowing.

Book a free 30-minute scoping call. We'll agree on sources, scope, and AI focus — and send a fixed quote within 48 hours. Discrete. No-blame. Action-ready.